@inproceedings{gunawan-2024-ilj,title={FORTHCOMING: Dark Patterns as Design Loyalty},author={Gunawan, Johanna and Hartzog, Woodrow and Richards, Neil and Choffnes, David and Wilson, Christo},year={2024},publisher={Indiana University School of Law},booktitle={Indiana University Law Journal},series={100 Ind. L. J.}}
Wash. U. L. Rev.
Privacy Nicks: How the Law Normalizes Surveillance
Woodrow Hartzog, Evan Selinger, and Johanna Gunawan
@inproceedings{hartzog-2024-wulr,title={Privacy Nicks: How the Law Normalizes Surveillance},author={Hartzog, Woodrow and Selinger, Evan and Gunawan, Johanna},year={2024},publisher={Washington University St. Louis School of Law},booktitle={Washington University Law Review},series={101 Wash. U. L. Rev.},}
2023
CHI Workshops
Position Paper: What Evidence is Needed to Prove the Existence of Dark Patterns?
Johanna Gunawan, Colin M. Gray, Cristiana Santos, and 1 more author
CHI’23 Workshop: Designing Technology and Policy Simultaneously: Towards a Research Agenda and New Practice, 2023
@article{gunawan-2023-chiworkshop,title={Position Paper: What Evidence is Needed to Prove the Existence of Dark Patterns?},author={Gunawan, Johanna and Gray, Colin M. and Santos, Cristiana and Bielova, Nataliia},year={2023},journal={CHI'23 Workshop: Designing Technology and Policy Simultaneously: Towards a Research Agenda and New Practice},}
CHI
Understanding Dark Patterns in Home IoT Devices
Monica Kowalczyk, Johanna T. Gunawan, David Choffnes, and 3 more authors
In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, , Hamburg, Germany, , 2023
Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices are ubiquitous, but little attention has been paid to how they may incorporate dark patterns despite consumer protections and privacy concerns arising from their unique access to intimate spaces and always-on capabilities. This paper conducts a systematic investigation of dark patterns in 57 popular, diverse smart home devices. We update manual interaction and annotation methods for the IoT context, then analyze dark pattern frequency across device types, manufacturers, and interaction modalities. We find that dark patterns are pervasive in IoT experiences, but manifest in diverse ways across device traits. Speakers, doorbells, and camera devices contain the most dark patterns, with manufacturers of such devices (Amazon and Google) having the most dark patterns compared to other vendors. We investigate how this distribution impacts the potential for consumer exposure to dark patterns, discuss broader implications for key stakeholders like designers and regulators, and identify opportunities for future dark patterns study.
@inproceedings{kowalcyzk-2023-chi,author={Kowalczyk, Monica and Gunawan, Johanna T. and Choffnes, David and Dubois, Daniel J and Hartzog, Woodrow and Wilson, Christo},title={Understanding Dark Patterns in Home IoT Devices},year={2023},isbn={9781450394215},publisher={Association for Computing Machinery},address={New York, NY, USA},url={https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581432},doi={10.1145/3544548.3581432},booktitle={Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems},articleno={179},numpages={27},keywords={UX design, human factors, IoT, dark patterns},location={<conf-loc>, <city>Hamburg</city>, <country>Germany</country>, </conf-loc>},series={CHI '23},}
2022
CSLAW
Redress for Dark Patterns Privacy Harms? A Case Study on Consent Interactions
Johanna Gunawan, Cristiana Santos, and Irene Kamara
In Proceedings of the 2022 Symposium on Computer Science and Law, Washington DC, USA, 2022
Internet users are constantly subjected to incessant demands for attention in a noisy digital world. Countless inputs compete for the chance to be clicked, to be seen, and to be interacted with, and they can deploy tactics that take advantage of behavioral psychology to ’nudge’ users into doing what they want. Some nudges are benign; others deceive, steer, or manipulate users, as the U.S. FTC Commissioner says, "into behavior that is profitable for an online service, but often harmful to [us] or contrary to [our] intent". These tactics are dark patterns, which are manipulative and deceptive interface designs used at-scale in more than ten percent of global shopping websites and more than ninety-five percent of the most popular apps in online services. Literature discusses several types of harms caused by dark patterns that includes harms of a material nature, such as financial harms, or anticompetitive issues, as well as harms of a non-material nature, such as privacy invasion, time loss, addiction, cognitive burdens, loss of autonomy, and emotional or psychological distress. Through a comprehensive literature review of this scholarship and case law analysis conducted by our interdisciplinary team of HCI and legal scholars, this paper investigates whether harms caused by such dark patterns could give rise to redress for individuals subject to dark pattern practices using consent interactions and the GDPR consent requirements as a case study.
@inproceedings{gunawan-2022-cslaw,author={Gunawan, Johanna and Santos, Cristiana and Kamara, Irene},title={Redress for Dark Patterns Privacy Harms? A Case Study on Consent Interactions},year={2022},isbn={9781450392341},publisher={Association for Computing Machinery},address={New York, NY, USA},url={https://doi.org/10.1145/3511265.3550448},doi={10.1145/3511265.3550448},booktitle={Proceedings of the 2022 Symposium on Computer Science and Law},pages={181–194},numpages={14},keywords={data protection infringement, harm, damages, redress, deceptive design, dark patterns, gdpr, consent, policy and law},location={Washington DC, USA},series={CSLAW '22},}
EuroUSEC
Exploring Deceptive Design Patterns in Voice Interfaces
@article{gunawan-2021-cscw,title={A Comparative Study of Dark Patterns Across Mobile and Web Modalities},author={Gunawan, Johanna and Choffnes, David and Hartzog, Woodrow and Wilson, Christo},year={2021},month=oct,publisher={Association for Computing Machinery},location={Virtual Event, Canada},booktitle={Conference Companion Publication of the 2021 Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing},series={CSCW '21},bib={gunawan-2021-cscw.bib}}
Seton Hall L. Rev.
The COVID-19 Pandemic and the Technology Trust Gap
Johanna Gunawan, David Choffnes, Woodrow Hartzog, and 1 more author
Seton Hall Law Review Symposium Book on Privacy, Healthcare, and Artificial Intelligence, Oct 2021
@article{gunawan-2021-shlr,title={The COVID-19 Pandemic and the Technology Trust Gap},author={Gunawan, Johanna and Choffnes, David and Hartzog, Woodrow and Wilson, Christo},year={2021},journal={Seton Hall Law Review Symposium Book on Privacy, Healthcare, and Artificial Intelligence},volume={51},}
MIT SERC
Case Study: The Case of the Nosy Neighbors
Johanna Gunawan, and Woodrow Hartzog
In Case Studies in Social and Ethical Responsibilities of Computing, Oct 2021
@incollection{gunawan-2021-nosyneighbors,title={Case Study: The Case of the Nosy Neighbors},author={Gunawan, Johanna and Hartzog, Woodrow},year={2021},booktitle={Case Studies in Social and Ethical Responsibilities of Computing},publisher={MIT Schwarzman College of Computing},}
CHI Workshops
Workshop Position Paper: Towards an Understanding of Dark Pattern Privacy Harms
@inproceedings{gunawan-2021-chiworkshop,title={Workshop Position Paper: Towards an Understanding of Dark Pattern Privacy Harms},booktitle={CHI'21},booksubtitle={What Can CHI Do About Dark Patterns?"},year={2021},}
2020
BKC Medium
Beware of Apps Bearing Gifts in a Pandemic
Woodrow Hartzog, Johanna Gunawan, David Choffnes, and 1 more author
@misc{hartzog-2020-bewaregifts,title={Beware of Apps Bearing Gifts in a Pandemic},author={Hartzog, Woodrow and Gunawan, Johanna and Choffnes, David and Wilson, Christo},year={2020},booktitle={Berkman Klein Center Collection on Medium},}